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Following are the answer key for the CommonLit article “Protein Synthesis“-
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Science < Protein Synthesis
Grade – 5 to 12 Answers (130Q&A)
Q. What “codes” for proteins that your body uses to make eye pigment, hair color, hair texture and etc.?
Ans: Genes
Q. What does protein synthesis mean?
Ans: cellular process used to make proteins
Q. Where is DNA located in eukaryotes?
Ans: Nucleus
Q. Which parts of the DNA actually code for proteins?
Ans: Active genes
Q. Which step of protein synthesis comes first?
Ans: Transcription
Q. Where does transcription occur?
Ans: Nucleus
Q. What is the name of the enzyme that is responsible for building an mRNA strand that is complementary to a DNA template strand?
Ans: RNA polymerase
Q. Which statement below accurately summarizes transcription?
Ans: DNA in the nucleus is copied onto an mRNA strand, which then leaves the nucleus.
Q. What is the monomer of proteins?
Ans: Amino Acids
Q. Which molecule has codons and is used to tell tRNA which amino acid is needed?
Ans: mRNA
Q. What is a codon?
Ans: a triplet code of 3 bases on mRNA.
Q. What molecule is responsible for transferring amino acids to the ribosome during translation?
Ans: tRNA
Q. Which statement below accurately summarizes translation?
Ans: Ribosome read codons on mRNA while tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome.
Q. What is protein synthesis?
Ans: the making of proteins
Q. In RNA, A matches with
Ans: U
Q. In an RNA strand Thymine is replaced with?
Ans: Uracil
Q. Only a portion of DNA, called a gene, is copied into RNA at one time.
Ans: True
Q. After the mRNA is formed, what happens?
Ans: It moves out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm.
Q. What is the job of mRNA?
Ans: To take the code out of the nucleus
Q. Why is tRNA called Transfer RNA?
Ans: Because it is responsible for transferring the right amino acid to the ribosome to create the protein.
Q. Which of the following are types of RNA?
Ans: ribosomal RNA
Q. What does the anticodon on the tRNA match up with?
Ans: the codon on the mRNA
Q. What cell part “reads” the mRNA?
Ans: ribosome
Q. The process of tRNA “reading” mRNA to produce an amino acid chain (protein) is called
Ans: Translation
Q. Pick the correct statement
Ans: The anticodon on tRNA matches up to the codon on mRNA
Q. When does the protein stop growing in length?
Ans: when a stop codon is reached
Q. The following mRNA strand codes for which amino acids? AUGGCUCCCUGA
Ans: methionine, alanine, proline, STOP
Q. DNA must code for __ that help make the pigment that gives the color to your eyes.
Ans: proteins
Q. Synthesis means to…
Ans: Make
Q. Protein Synthesis means to…
Ans: Make proteins
Q. Where is the DNA located in the cell?
Ans: Nucleus
Q. Which step of protein synthesis comes first?
Ans: Transcription
Q. Since DNA is found in the nucleus, where does Transciption occur?
Ans: nucleus
Q. After transcription, which type of the RNA is produced?
Ans: mRNA
Q. mRNA, a re-written copy of DNA, can leave the nucleus.
Ans: True
Q. Once mRNA leaves the nucleus, and goes out into the cytoplasm, what organelle does it attach to ?
Ans: ribosome
Q. What does mRNA do
Ans: brings message from DNA to ribosome
Q. The process of mRNA being used as a message to make proteins is called
Ans: Translation
Q. Translation happens in the…
Ans: Ribosome
Q. What does tRNA do?
Ans: Brings the amino acid to the ribosome
Q. Genetic instructions in DNA and mRNA is read in 3 bases. The bases are called a..
Ans: Codon
Q. mRNA is read in sets of __ letters or bases
Ans: 3
Q. How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have
Ans: 23
Q. Where are chromosomes located in a eukaryotic cell?
Ans: nucleus
Q. A chromosome is made of a long strand of _.
Ans: DNA
Q. What’s the function of a gene?
Ans: It contains the information to produce proteins
Q. When a GENE is switched on, an enzyme attaches to the strand of DNA. What is the name of this enzyme?
Ans: RNA polymerase
Q. What is the product of transcription?
Ans: A strand of messenger RNA (mRNA)
Q. What acts as the template code for making messenger RNA?
Ans: DNA
Q. What structure that acts as a protein factory binds to the mRNA?
Ans: Ribosome
Q. What’s the purpose of tRNA (transfer RNA)?
Ans: To place the corresponding amino acid according to the code in the messenger RNA
Q. Each tRNA reads a set of nucleotide bases on mRNA called a codon. How many mRNA nucleotide bases does tRNA read at a time, and thus, make up a codon.
Ans: 3
Q. What’s the final specifically folded product?
Ans: A protein
Q. What building block molecules make up a protein?
Ans: amino acids
Q. Which of the following is NOT true about DNA?
Ans: only human cells have DNA
Q. What happens during transcription?
Ans: DNA is used as a template to make messenger RNA
Q. What happens during translation?
Ans: the information contained in the messenger RNA is used to make a polypeptide or protein
Q. Where does this process of transcription take place?
Ans: Nucleus
Q. How many nitrogen bases make up a codon?
Ans: 3 nitrogen bases
Q. What is the job of the transfer RNA?
Ans: to transfer a specific amino acid to the mRNA
Q. What determines which transfer RNA attaches to the messenger RNA?
Ans: The anticodon on the tRNA complementary base pairs with the codon on the mRNA
Q. What kind of bond forms between amino acids?
Ans: peptide bond
Q. What determines when the protein stops being made?
Ans: When there is a stop codon on the mRNA
Q. Protein Synthesis includes
Ans: transcription and translation.
Q. Choose the BEST answer:
A gene is a section of DNA that __.
Ans: has the code for a protein
Q. Proteins are made at which location?
Ans: ribosomes outside the nucleus
Q. The “message” in messenger RNA is __.
Ans: The information for how to make a protein.
Q. Where is DNA found in cells?
Ans: In the nucleus
Q. Can DNA leave the nucleus?
Ans: no
Q. Genes are copied onto a small molecule that can leave the nucleus. What is the name of this molecule?
Ans: mRNA
Q. What are the complementary DNA base pairs?
Ans: A-T and C-G
Q. RNA polymerase is _.
Ans: an enzyme
Q. What would be the complementary mRNA sequence for the following DNA sequence?
DNA sequence: ATG
Ans: UAC
Q. Which of the following best describes transcription?
Ans: Copying a section of DNA to RNA
Q. Where does transcription occur?
Ans: nucleus
Q. What enzyme is involved in transcription?
Ans: RNA polymerase
Q. A codon is a group of three nucleotide bases (also called a triplet) that codes for a single _.
Ans: amino acid
Q. When mRNA leaves the nucleus, it _.
Ans: binds to a ribosome
Q. tRNA carries _ to the ribosomes.
Ans: amino acids
Grade – Higher Education/College Answers (70 Q&A)
Q. What are the two steps of protein synthesis?
Ans: Transcription & Translation
Q. Which process comes first throughout protein synthesis?
Ans: Transcription
Q. Where does transcription occur?
Ans: Nucleus
Q. What is the monomer (building block) of proteins?
Ans: Amino Acids
Q. Which molecule has codons and is used to tell tRNA which amino acid is needed?
Ans: mRNA
Q. What is a codon?
Ans: a triplet code of 3 bases on mRNA.
Q. The outcome of protein synthesis is __.
Ans: A protein
Q. How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have
Ans: 23
Q. A chromosome is made of a long strand of _.
Ans: DNA
Q. What’s the function of a gene?
Ans: It contains the information to produce proteins
Q. When a GENE is switched on an enzyme attaches to the strand of DNA. What is the name of this enzyme?
Ans: RNA polymerase
Q. What is the product of transcription?
Ans: A strand of messenger RNA (mRNA)
Q. Where does the mRNA move to from the nucleus?
Ans: Cytoplasm
Q. What binds to the mRNA ?
Ans: Ribosome
Q. What molecules carry the amino acid to form a protein?
Ans: Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Q. The mRNA is read by the tRNA _ letters at a time.
Ans: 3
Q. What are proteins made of?
Ans: Amino Acids
Q. What’s the final product?
Ans: A protein
Q. What is the process called that creates mRNA from DNA in the nucleus?
Ans: mRNA replication
Q. The code is read at the ribosome to create an amino acid chain. Every _ bases code for 1 particular amino acid.
Ans: 3
Q. Transcription begin with the
Ans: Promoter
Q. Protein synthesis can be divided into two processes; followed by ___.
Ans: Transcription, translation
Q. Transcription occur in the
Ans: Nucleus
Q. In transcription, enzyme _ is require for the process.
Ans: RNA polymerase
Q. During elongation, RNA nucleotide is added complementary to the base pair. If the template strand is 3′ GTGAACGTGCCT 5′. What is the mRNA sequence complementary to the template strand?
Ans: 5′ CACUUGCACGGA 3′
Q. The coding region is called as
Ans: Exon
Q. Translation begin when the large ribosomal subunit bind to mRNA
Ans: False
Q. In elongation of translation, the stage can be divided into three; , and ___.
Codon recognition, peptide bond formation, translocation
Q. During termination, release factor will occupy __ of large ribosomal subunit
Ans: A site
Q. Protein is modified in which organelle?
Ans: Golgi body
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